Why Is Excess Kale Harmful for Pets?

Kale in large amounts overloads pets with calcium oxalate crystals and goitrogens, irritating the urinary tract, suppressing thyroid function, and risking kidney stones or bladder issues. Dogs and cats show vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and blood in urine after repeated servings. A handful daily builds up; moderation (occasional small bits) is fine for most. Balance diets, consult vets on greens. Hydration and urinary support help reverse mild cases.